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LINKERS
v And
v Not only ... but
v Both ... and
v Besides,
v What is more
v Furthermore
v ... as well as...
v ... too.
v Also
v Moreover.
Contrast (concession)
¯ Although
¯ ... but...
¯ However,
¯ In spite of this,
¯ Even though
¯ Even if ( E.g.: "We intended to go to Europe next summer, even if air fares go up.")
¯ Whereas / while / meanwhile (E.g."She had a lovely time at the party. Meanwhile / whereas / ..., I was studying at home.)
¯ Nevertheless...
¯ On the other hand...
¯ Yet.
¯ Still
¯ Though
¯ Even though
] Because
] As
] Since (E.g.: "I stayed at home since it was very dangerous to go out.")
] ...due to
] ...caused by
] The reason for... was
] So that
] To
F ... the result of ...
F As the result of...
F So...
F This means...
F Therefore
F That's why
G Obviously
G Personally
G Unfortunately
G Fortunately
G Apparently
G Naturally
CONDITIONAL
J Unless - If not
J Suppose - imagine
J Provided that *
J As long as*
J If
J Whether
J In case
* = If and only if = On condition that.
TIME
Before
h Before*
h Previously
h Earlier
h By the time
h During + noun
h Meanwhile (during the time between)
h While ( introduces a clause)*
h When *
h As*
h All the time
h As soon as*
h Once *
h After + clause*
h Until *
h Afterwards
h Then
h Later
h Firstly (before anything else)
h At first (at the beginning)
h Second (ly)
h Lastly (= finally)
h At last ( in the end)
Note: * this cannot be followed by future, only by present or present perfect.
PLACE
Ø Where
Ø Besides (al lado, junto a)
c ANYWAY
c Anyhow
c Well
c In other words
c By the way
c As regards (en cuanto a)
c For instance = for example
c In fact
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